Purpose: To evaluate the one-step prone split-leg position compared to the traditional prone position for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data for 102 patients with upper urinary tract calculi who underwent PCNL at our hospital from April 2019 to December 2022. All PCNL procedures were performed by the same senior urologist. According to different surgical positions, the patients were divided into a one-step prone split-leg position group (observation group, n = 39) and a traditional bladder lithotomy position followed by prone position group (control group, n = 63). Then, the two groups were compared regarding the time of catheter insertion and channel establishment, channel size, time required for double-J stent placement, total operative time, postoperative hospital stay, stone removal rate, secondary operation rate and postoperative complications. Results: There was no significant difference in the preoperative baseline characteristics of the patients between the two groups (all P >. 05). Patients in the observation group had shorter total operative times, higher stone removal rates (76. 9% [30/39] vs. 57. 1% [36/63], P =. 042), and lower secondary operation rates (10. 3% [4/39] vs. 28. 6% [18/63], P =. 029) than those in the control group. There were no significant differences in the time of working channel establishment, channel size, postoperative hospital stay, or postoperative complications between the two groups (all P >. 05). Conclusion: The one-step prone split-leg position is a safe and reliable surgical posture for treating upper urinary calculi in PCNL patients. It can not only shorten the overall operation time of PCNL but also improve the stone removal rate of the operation, thus reducing the secondary operation rate of multiple RENAL stones.

BACKGROUND: Patients with acute RENAL colic usually require immediate diagnosis and treatment. In this clinical trial analgesic effect of hyoscine N-butyl bromide and desmopressin combination in comparison with hyoscine N-butyl bromide alone in patients with acute RENAL colic induced by urinary stones was assessed.METHODS: The study included 114 patients randomly allocated in two groups (A and B). Patients in group A received 20 mg intramuscular hyoscine N-butyl bromide at admission time and patients in group B received 20 mg of intranasal desmopressin in combination with 20 mg intramuscular hyoscine N-butyl bromide. A visual analogue scale (VAS; a 10- cm horizontal scale ranging from "zero or no pain" to "10 or unbearable pain") was hired to assess the patients' pain severity at baseline, 30 and 60 minutes after the treatments.RESULTS: On admission, the pain level was similar in both groups (group A: 8.95±0.11 and group B: 8.95±0.12). In group A, the mean of pain level showed a decrease after 30 minutes (group A: 7.26±0.25 and group B: 5.95±0.28) but further decreasing did not occur; however in group B, the pain consistently decreased and the mean after 60 minutes was significantly decreased (group A: 6.80±0.31 and group B: 3.71±0.31). No side effects were detected in this study.CONCLUSIONS: The combination of hyoscine N-butyl bromide and desmopressin is more effective than hyoscine Nbutyl bromide alone in patients with RENAL colic. Further studies are recommended to validate these findings and compare the different doses of desmopressin.

prevalence of urinary CALCULUS during pregnancy and its rate of relapse are similar to non-pregnant women. Averagely, its prevalence in pregnant women is 1 per 1500 of pregnant women. Urinary CALCULUS in pregnant women may be cause about 40% of delivery before term in pregnancies with marked urinary CALCULUS. Urinary CALCULUS's signs in pregnant women are similar to non-pregnant women and is one of the main causes of abdominal acute pains. It may be possible to mistake with pregnancy's signs so it is required to study more from diagnosis point, because the delay on diagnosis and find treatment may risk the result of pregnancy and lead kidny's damage. It is difficult to treat urinary CALCULUS during pregnancy and require a cooperation between Gynecologist, Urologist and radiologist. In the first stage, urinary CALCULUS treatment is non-surgery and conservative and urologic intervention should be done when the pharmaceutical and non-surgery Therapy are not effective. However, there is a great change in urinary CALCULUS's treatment by PCN and ESWL, techniques, but usage of these techniques in pregnant women should be examed by cases and then applied. It must be avoided from any kind of invasive operation and limit it to emergency cases. Urinary CALCULUS can be removed in every stage of pregnancy with surgery. Habitual abortion with a surgical operation may occur more in the last 3 months of pregnancy.

Let $I\subseteq\mathbb{R}$ be an interval and $\beta\colon I\to I$ a strictly increasing continuous function with a unique fixed point $s_0\in I$ satisfying $(t-s_0)(\beta(t)-t)\le 0$ for all $t\in I$. Hamza et al. introduced the general quantum difference operator $D_{\beta}$ by $D_{\beta}f(t):=\frac{f(\beta(t))-f(t)}{\beta(t)-t}$ if $t\ne s_0$ and $D_{\beta}f(t):=f'(s_0)$ if $t=s_0$.   In this paper, we establish results concerning Taylor's formula associated with $D_{\beta}$. For this, we define two types of monomials and then present our main results. The obtained results are new in the literature and are useful for further research in the field.

In this paper, we study fuzzy CALCULUS in two main branches differential and integral. Some rules for finding limit and gH -derivative of gH -difference, constant multiple of two fuzzy-valued functions are obtained and we also present fuzzy chain rule for calculating gH -derivative of a composite function. Two techniques namely, Leibniz’s rule and integration by parts are introduced for fuzzy integrals. Furthermore, we prove three essential theorems such as a fuzzy intermediate value theorem, fuzzy mean value theorem for integral and mean value theorem for gH -derivative. We derive a Bolzano’s theorem, Rolle’s theorem and some properties for gH -differentiable functions. To illustrate and explain these rules and theorems, we have provided several examples in details.